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National Consular's
Protect indigenous People facing complex, high-value international diversity and business disputes that are increasingly and rapidly happening in our nation we are here to resolve them, The Consulate positions Ambassador's, Consular's, and Minister's to secure and protect our interest by way of The Constitutions of the UNITED STATES OF AMERICA and Our TREATY RIGHTS of Peace and Friendship of 1836, and specialized in the knowledge of the Moorish Customs and Document Preparation fighting for our land and Peace, Love, Freedom, Truth and Justice.
INDIGENOUS NATION OF MOORS
The History of Kings and Queens
Worldwide (and Growing)
A Summary of the Moors history
as Kings and conquerors
The Moors, also known as the Muslims of North Africa and Spain, have a rich and complex history as kings and conquerors. The Moors originated from the Arab and Berber tribes who migrated to North Africa and subsequently conquered the Iberian Peninsula in the 8th century. Under Moorish rule, which lasted for over 700 years, the region experienced a significant cultural and intellectual flourishing. The Moors established a powerful empire known as Al-Andalus, which encompassed parts of modern-day Spain and Portugal. This empire was characterized by its tolerance and diversity, as Muslims, Christians, and Jews lived and worked together in harmony. The Moorish kings, or caliphs, ruled over Al-Andalus with great sophistication and wisdom. They built magnificent cities such as Cordoba and Granada, which became centers of learning and innovation. The Moorish kings were patrons of the arts, sciences, and architecture, leaving behind a legacy of stunning palaces, mosques, and gardens. One of the most renowned Moorish kings was Abd-al-Rahman III, who ruled in the 10th century. He transformed Al-Andalus into a prosperous and stable kingdom, promoting trade, agriculture, and education. His reign is considered a golden age of Moorish civilization. In addition to their cultural achievements, the Moors were also formidable conquerors. They expanded their empire through military campaigns, conquering territories in North Africa, the Iberian Peninsula, and even parts of France. Their military prowess and advanced tactics allowed them to establish a dominant presence in the Mediterranean region. However, the Moorish rule in the Iberian Peninsula began to decline in the 13th century due to internal conflicts and external pressure from Christian kingdoms. The Christian Reconquista gradually pushed the Moors out of Spain and Portugal, ultimately ending their reign in 1492 with the fall of Granada. Despite their eventual defeat, the Moors left an indelible mark on the history and culture of the Iberian Peninsula. Their influence can be seen in the architecture, language, cuisine, and music of the region. The legacy of the Moors as kings and conquerors is a testament to their remarkable achievements and the enduring impact of their civilization.
The cultural and intellectual Achievement of the Moors
during their rule in Al-Andalus
During their rule in Al-Andalus, the Moors achieved significant cultural and intellectual advancements that left a lasting impact on the region and beyond. Here are some of their notable achievements:
1. Architecture and Urban Planning: The Moors built magnificent structures and cities that showcased their architectural brilliance. The Great Mosque of Cordoba, with its stunning horseshoe arches and intricate geometric patterns, is a prime example. The Alhambra in Granada, with its intricate Islamic architecture and beautiful gardens, is another masterpiece. These architectural marvels blended Islamic, Roman, and Visigothic influences, creating a unique Moorish style.
2. Science and Medicine: The Moors made significant contributions to various scientific fields. They built observatories and advanced astronomical knowledge, making important discoveries in astronomy and mathematics. Scholars like Al-Zarqali (also known as Azarquiel) made groundbreaking contributions to astronomy. In medicine, Moorish physicians like Ibn Zuhr and Ibn Rushd (known in the West as Averroes) made significant advancements in medical knowledge and practice. Their works were translated and preserved, influencing European medicine for centuries.
3. Literature and Poetry: The Moors had a flourishing literary and poetic tradition. They produced great poets like Ibn Hazm, Ibn Zaydun, and Wallada bint al-Mustakfi, whose works reflected themes of love, nature, and social commentary. Their poetry was known for its intricate rhyme schemes and eloquent language.
4. Philosophy and Scholarship: Moorish scholars played a crucial role in preserving and translating ancient Greek and Roman texts, as well as works from other cultures. The House of Wisdom in Cordoba became a renowned center of learning, attracting scholars from different backgrounds. Philosophers like Ibn Arabi and Ibn Rushd explored a wide range of philosophical topics and contributed to the development of philosophical thought.
5. Agriculture and Irrigation: The Moors introduced advanced agricultural techniques and irrigation systems to Al-Andalus. They transformed arid lands into fertile agricultural regions through the construction of canals, aqueducts, and advanced irrigation systems. This led to increased agricultural productivity and the cultivation of new crops.
6. Music and Art: Moorish musicians and artists made significant contributions to music and art. They developed unique musical instruments, such as the oud and the rebab, and advanced musical theory. Moorish art was characterized by intricate geometric patterns, calligraphy, and vibrant colors, seen in various forms like ceramics, textiles, and metalwork. These are just a few examples of the cultural and intellectual achievements of the Moors during their rule in Al-Andalus. Their contributions had a profound influence on European civilization, preserving and transmitting knowledge from different cultures and paving the way for the Renaissance.
All the contribution of the Moors
in the field of science and medicine
The Moors made significant contributions to the fields of science and medicine during their rule in Al-Andalus. Here are some of their notable contributions:
1. Advancements in Astronomy: Moorish astronomers built observatories and made important discoveries in astronomy. One prominent Moorish astronomer, Al-Zarqali (also known as Azarquiel), developed sophisticated astronomical instruments and improved the accuracy of astronomical calculations. His work on the astrolabe, a complex instrument used for measuring celestial objects, greatly influenced European astronomy.
2. Mathematics and Algebra: Moorish scholars made significant advancements in mathematics, particularly in algebra. They developed new mathematical concepts and techniques, such as the introduction of Arabic numerals (including the concept of zero) and the decimal system. The mathematician Al-Khwarizmi, whose name gave rise to the word "algorithm," wrote influential books on algebra that were translated and studied by European scholars.
3. Medical Knowledge and Practice: Moorish physicians made significant contributions to medical knowledge and practice. They translated and preserved ancient Greek and Roman medical texts, making them accessible to European scholars during the Middle Ages. Moorish physicians like Ibn Zuhr (known as Avenzoar in the West) and Ibn Rushd (Averroes) made important advancements in medical theory and practice. Their works influenced European medicine for centuries.
4. Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy: Moorish scholars made notable advancements in pharmacology and the development of therapeutic drugs. They compiled extensive pharmacopoeias, which were comprehensive collections of medicinal substances and their uses. Moorish physicians conducted experiments and developed new treatments using medicinal herbs, minerals, and other substances.
5. Public Health and Hospital Systems: The Moors established elaborate hospital systems and public health measures in Al-Andalus. They built hospitals that provided medical care to the general population, regardless of their social status or religious affiliation. These hospitals were not only places of treatment but also centers of medical education and research.
6. Surgical Techniques and Instruments: Moorish surgeons developed innovative surgical techniques and instruments. They made advancements in areas such as anesthesia, wound care, and surgical instruments. Their contributions improved surgical outcomes and paved the way for future developments in the field. The contributions of the Moors in science and medicine were significant. Their advancements not only expanded knowledge and understanding but also had a lasting impact on the development of these fields in Europe and beyond.